“You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your
best effort.”
57.In the first paragraph, the author implies that are essential in achieving
success.
［A］ability and goals ［B］goals and determination
［C］ability and environment ［D］goals and environment
58.The word “frugal”(Line 2, Para. 2) means.
［A］wealthy ［B］wasteful
［C］thrifty ［D］miserable
59.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because.
［A］their life is miserable ［B］they do not live in peace
［C］their goals are too low ［D］they are not rich enough by their own standards
60.The last paragraph implies that.
［A］we should have high goals
［B］success means achieving great goals
［C］success means taking a walk in the park
［D］success means trying one’s best at what one really likes
61.This passage mainly talks about.
［A］the definition of success ［B］how to achieve success
［C］how to set goals ［D］the importance of goals
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great
mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look say”or “whole word”method of
teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.
The whole word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaningof letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar wordsover developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self directed, “learning how to learn”activities recommended by advocates (倡导者)of “open”classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run Spot Run”readers.
However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控
诉)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学),is far superior.
Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply
