12. The job of teaching came into being mainly because of _____.
　A. the development of the society   B. the explosion of information
　C. the need for specialists         D. the civilization of human beings 
答案：C 细节题。第一段中谈到：随着社会的发展，社会分工的普遍，家庭成员已经无法满足孩子们对知识、技术的需求，因此在这种情况下，特别需要专业人员，教师这个职业就应运而生了。所以教师职业的出现主要原因是对专业人员的需求。

13. Teachers’salaries are raised today in order to _____.
　A. show the importance of teaching as a job
　B. attract more qualified people to become teachers
　C. make teachers" responsible" in their teaching
　D. improve the quality of public teaching 
答案：B 细节题。通过文章的最后一句话可以断定：增加教师的工资是为了吸引高素质的人当教师。

14. "Anybody will do" for a teacher means that _____.
　A. almost all people want to become a teacher
　B. a teacher is so highly respected that people all want to help him
　C. a teacher will do whatever he can for his students
　D. the job of teaching is so easy that everybody can do it 
答案：D 语义题。根据上下文“Anybody will do”意思“教师工作太容易了，什么人都能做”。

15. We know from the passage that _____.
　A. it is important to be successful in teaching the young
　B. enough salaries are necessary in making quality people become teachers
　C. greater progress has to be made in teaching
　D. teaching is a product of the society's division of labor
答案：B 逻辑推理题。首先A, C, D均不符合文章的内容。第一段的末尾谈到教师是非常重要的工作；第二段又谈到：公众需要“responsible”的教师；“have abilities”的教师来教育下一代。同时人们认识到提高教师的工资待遇才能吸引高素质的人才成为教师。因此我们可以得出结论：“优厚的工资待遇是吸引高素质人才成为教师的必要手段。”只有B是正确的。

Passage 4 

Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls （民意测验）. Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in type of work more suitable for men and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men. They argue that women — especially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result in lower productivity, poor quality and inefficiency.

To solve the problem, they have suggested that the working women stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these circumstances, families would retain their same level of income, and women could run the house and raise children much better.

The suggestion has been rejected by 9 out of 10 people polled. A hundred persons in a big city were questioned last summer. Out of 50 women, 46 said they were unwilling to leave their jobs, no matter what the situation was. The other 4 said they would like to return home if their jobs could be taken by their sons or daughters. Of 50 men polled, only 6 said they would like to see their wives give up their jobs, if it meant higher wages for themselves.