12. Two-way communication is different from one-way communication in that it has the following features except (      )

 A. more difficult                                     B. more accurate

 C. more problems                                    D. receivers understand more precisely

 13. Which of the following is NOT one of the advances in computer technology?(      )

 A. Data mining                                       B. Quality techniques

 C. Data warehousing                                D. Quantitative analysis

 14. Restaurants can be classified according to the kind of services they offer, which include the following except (      )

 A. table service                                       B. counter service 

C. self-service                                         D. take-home

 15. Which of the following statements is NOT true?(      )

 A. Around 1100 B.C., the Chinese practiced the four management functions.

 B. Between 350 and 400 B.C., the Greeks advocated a scientific approach to work.

 C. Management emerged as a formal discipline at the turn of the 18th century.

 D. The emergence of economies of scale drove managers to strive for further growth.

二、Cloze test (20 points, 2 points for each item). 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项，根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并填写在题前的括号内。(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)

Sometimes a manager finds it necessary to  1  a group of people—subordinates, peers, or superiors—  2  making an important decision. Managers  3  must understand how groups operate and how to use them to  4  decision making. The basic  5  behind using a group to make decisions is captured by the adage “two heads are better than one”. But is this statement really valid? Yes, it is —  6  .

If enough time is  7  , groups usually make higher-quality decisions than most individuals acting along. However, groups often  8  the best individual. How well the group performs depends on how effectively it  9  the potential advantages and  10  the potential problems of using a group.

(      ) 1. A. convene        B. call                    C. settle                    D. arrange

(      ) 2. A. in order to     B. so that                 C. for the purpose of   D. for the interest of

(      ) 3. A. however        B. therefore             C. so                         D. nevertheless

(      ) 4. A. utilize           B. take advantage of                                  C. propose    D. improve

(      ) 5. A. philosophy    B. influence             C. effect                    D. title

(      ) 6. A. definitely      B. potentially           C. surely                    D. sequentially

(      ) 7. A. found            B. caught                 C. dealt with              D. available

(      ) 8. A. are inferior to                               B. are superior to        C. are inferior than      D. are superior than

(      ) 9. A. returns          B. regains                C. captivates              D. capitalizes

(      ) 10. A. optimizes     B. maximizes           C. minimizes              D. lessens

三、Reading comprehension (15 points, 3 points for each item). 阅读下列短文，根据短文，在每个答题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并填写在题后的括号内。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

Passage One

Economics may be defined as a social science that seeks to understand the choices people make in using their scarce resources to meet their wants. In modern economy the number of goods and services that can be produced is immense. The factors of production are the basic inputs of labor, capital and natural resources used in producing all goods and services. Each one of these resources is scarce.

The basic explanation of economic activity is described in the so-called “law of supply and demand”. In economic terms the law of demand states that an inverse relationship exists between the price of a good or service and the quantity of the good and service that buyers demand, other things being equal.

However, there is a quirk in tourism economics related to conspicuous consumption, the phrase coined by Thorstein Veblen, a prominent American social theorist and economist who died in 1929. Conspicuous consumption is the practice of purchasing goods or services because of the status they might bring. A number of resort hotels, deluxe cruises, and first-class flights are attractive at least partly because of the Veblen effect.

 1. Economics is the study of (      )

 A. people’s material choices

B. the scarce resources

 C. people’s choices of scarce resources

D. people’s scarce resources

 2. The factors of production include the following except (      )

 A. financial resources                               B. natural resources

 C. capital                                                D. labor

 3. According to the law of demand, the relationship is ___________ between the price of a good or service and the quantity of the good and service that buyers demand, while other things being equal. (      )

 A. opposite                                             B. contradictory

 C. backward                                            D. disproportionate

 4. The word quirk in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to (      )

 A. a peculiarity of behavior                      B. principle

 C. quick solution                                     D. choice made

 5. Conspicuous consumption means that people purchase goods or services because of the ___________ they may bring them. (      )

 A. luck                                                   B. delight 

C. prestige                                              D. fortune

四、Word Spelling (20 points, 1 point for each item). 请将完整的单词写出。作为提示，每个单词的意义，词类及首字母均已给出。（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）

1. Marked by or done with force and energy (adj.) v___________

2. A remedy for all diseases, evils, or difficulties; a cure-all (n.) p___________

3. To determine the value, significance, or extent of; appraise (vt.) a___________

4. An inherent ability, as for learning; a talent (n.) a___________

5. To depart, as from a norm, a purpose, or a subject; stray (vi.) d___________

6. Exceptionally large (adj.) w___________

7. A store that sells the goods of a particular manufacturer or wholesaler (n.) o___________

8. A biographical essay presenting the subject’s most noteworthy characteristics and achievements (n.) p___________

9. Something that prevents or discourages from acting, as by means of fear or doubt (n.) d___________

10. A characteristic manner or style of preparing food (n.) c___________

11. Fundamental reasons; the basis (n.) r___________

12. The state of the spirits of a person or group as exhibited by confidence, cheerfulness, discipline, and willingness to perform assigned tasks (n.) m___________

13. Precedence, especially established by order of importance or urgency (n.) p___________

14. To grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue, parts, cells (vt.) p___________

15. A rare personal quality attributed to leaders who arouse fervent popular devotion and enthusiasm (n.) c___________

16. Easily influenced or affected (adj.) s___________

17. An imperfection that causes inadequacy or failure; a shortcoming (n.) d___________

18. Fit for cultivation, as by plowing (adj.) a___________

19. To balance in the mind in order to make a choice; ponder or evaluate (vt.) w___________

20. To condemn openly (vt.) d___________

五、Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3 points for each item). 将下列各句译成英语，并写在各句下面的空行内。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

1. 我们在研究的开始针对互相联系的思想和概念提出假设，即期望的关系，然后通过把思想和概念转化为收集数据的程序来检验这些期望。

2. 旅游是以经济形式表现出来的一种综合的社会活动。研究旅游经济有助于揭示和加深了解旅游的本质属性。

3. 美国金融市场经过近百年的发展，不仅在美国国内经济活动中发挥着极其重要的作用，而且也构成重要的国际金融中心。

4. 饭店管理的核心是管理者执行管理职能，也就是说执行管理职能是管理者的主要职责。

5. 具体地说，沟通有三种作用：正确决策的前提和基础、统一思想行动的工具、组织内部良好的人际关系的关键。

六、Translation from English into Chinese (15 points, 3 points for each item). 将下列各句译成汉语，并写在各句下面的空行内。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

1. The travel agent is paid for his service through commissions. The travel agent saves the customers both time and money.

2. If there is negative growth in the future, then the economy officially will be in a recession. Within the restaurant industry, the employment picture also looks bleak.

3. Successful strategy-implementers inspire and challenge employees to do their best. They get employees to buy into the strategy and commit to making it work.

4. Strategy, in effect, is management’s game plan for strengthening the organization’s position, pleasing customers, and achieving performance targets.

5. Tactical managers translate the general goals and plans developed by strategic managers into more specific objectives and activities.