三、Reading Comprehension(30 points,2 points for each item)从下列每篇短文
的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案,并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1. The American population was the tallest in the world from about the American
Revolution to World WarⅡ—that’s a long time.The U.S.had a very resourcerich
environment,with game,fish and wildlife.In fact we have data on disadvantaged
people in America,such as slaves.They were obviously among the most mistreated
populations in the world,but given the resource abundance,and given the fact that
the slave owners needed their work,they had to be fed relatively decently.So the
slaves were taller than European peasants.It’s no wonder that Europeans were just
flooding to America.
Americans today are no longer the tallest people in the world.After World
WarⅡ,many Western and Northern European countries began to adopt favorable social
policies.There is universal health insurance in most of these societies—that,of
course,makes a difference in health care.You can also consider income inequality in
the U.S., since people who are at the low end of the totem pole(图腾柱)have
considerable adversity making ends meet.I suspect the difference in height between
Americans and Europeans is due to both diet and health care.
Americans today suffer from an additional problem:obesity.If children are too well
nourished,then they’re not able to grow optimally.There are certain hormones that
control the start of the adolescent growth and the start of adolescence.Nutrition
is one of the factors,along with genetic and hormonal ones which are associated
with the start of puberty(青春期).And if puberty comes too early,then the youth
will peak out sooner,and will not become as tall in adulthood as someone who had本新闻共
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