14.A f_________________ clause is a clause that takes a subject and a main verb, and at the same time stands structurally alone.
15.In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is false, and if X is false, Y is true. The relationship between X and Y is i_________________
16.In Austin’ s early speech act theory, c________________ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.
17.In the historical development of language, sound change is inevitable, such as sound loss, sound a________________ and sound movement.
18.Slang is often perceived as a low or vulgar form of language and is deemed to be undesirable in f_________________ styles of language.
19.D_________________ listening tests involve simultaneously presenting, through earphones, two different auditory signals, one to the right ear and the other to the left ear.
20.At children’s language development, one-word utterances can be used to express a concept or predication similar to a sentence in adult speech. For example, a child might use the word “dada” to mean “Dada, come here”, “more” to mean “Give me more candy”. Those utterances can also be called h_________________ sentences.
Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the bracket in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%×10=20%)
21.( )Language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches are equally favored by modern linguists.
22. ( )Stress is a suprasegmental feature that is exclusively used with words, not with sentences.
23. ( )A compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen between its components, or as two separate words. It is simply a matter of convention.
24. ( )Major lexical categories are closed categories because the number of lexical items in these categories is fixed and no new members are allowed for.
25. ( )The important criteria to distinguish polysemy from homonymy are the etymology of the words in question and the closeness of the relationship between the meanings in question.
26. ( )The significance of Grice’s Cooperative Principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.
27. ( )The invention of steam-powered boats gave the verb sail an opportunity to extend its meaning to boats without sails. This example indicates that the meaning or semantic representation of words may become broader.
28. ( )An official language is in fact a national language.
29. ( )Generally speaking, left-handed people have their language centers in the left hemisphere of the brain.
30. ( )A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.
Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3%×10=30%)
31.phonemic contrast
32.free morphemes |
