12月大学英语六级全真模拟（四）

[4] 阅读理解
　　Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
　　Section A
　　Directions: In this section,there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.
　　Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
　　Dog training is a business for some people, a serious hobby for others, and a once-in-a-lifetime experience for many. Individuals in all of these categories would probably agree that consistency is a key element of success in this venture from the beginning.
　　If puppies are to be socialized, they must learn to control the impulse to use the carpet as a bathroom, chew shoes, and nip at fingers. The first issue, bathroom training, is more easily accomplished in warm weather. Try to feed your pup outdoors, and after he has finished eating, take him to a spot where you would like him to eliminate. If he cooperates, praise him generously with words and pats. Take him to the same spot after each meal, and eventually he will follow this routine himself.
　　The sight of a small puppy prancing away with a large shoe is so endearing that it is tempting to fetch the camera rather than play the role of disciplinarian. If you can imagine your pup chewing through a new tennis shoe, however, you would do well to remove the stolen shoe from the pup's mouth and firmly say, "No!" Provide your pup with some acceptable toys, such as a ball or a chew toy. Don't tempt fate with an old shoe, though.
　　Until your pup is well trained and trustworthy, don't leave him unattended unless he is confined to a small area. When he is young, you want to be sure someone will praise your pup for desired behavior and express disapproval when he does something you want to discourage. A puppy who is punished several hours after he has chewed the rug will not understand what he has done wrong.
　　You will want your dog to learn to respond to the commands "Come," "Sit," and "Stay." Again, consistency and praise will help you achieve this goal. Each time the dog responds as you wish, praise him. Whenever he ignores your command, make him do what you commanded and then praise him.
　　Negative behavior must be attended to also. You can discipline most dogs without hitting them. Since they are usually anxious to please, most dogs are duly chastised by harsh words and tone of voice. Remember to be consistent so your dog knows unquestioningly what acceptable behavior is.
　　Although the initial stages of dog training require great deal of time and patience, the reward of a socialized and obedient dog is well worth the effort.
　　47. Dog training is appropriately attempted by .
　　48. One of the most important elements in a successful dog-training program is .
　　49. A puppy must learn to control the impulse to use the carpet as a bathroom, chew shoes, and nip at fingers so as to .
　　50. If you punish a puppy several hours later, what will he do?
　　51. Negative behavior is best handled by .
　　Section B
　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
　　Because of satellite links which now enable broadcast news organizations to originate live programming from any part of the globe, the entire world is becoming one giant sound stage for television news. As a result, Marshall McLean's reference to the post-television world as being a single "global village" is gaining new acceptance and Shakespeare's famous line, "all the world's a stage," has taken on an interesting new twist in meaning.
　　But, beyond the philosophical dimensions of global television communications there are some dramatic, political implications. Even before today's worldwide satellite links were possible, the growing effect of broadcast news technology on national and international politics was becoming increasingly evident.
　　Because television is a close-up medium and a medium that seems to most readily involve emotions, it is most effective when it is revealing the plights of people. It was probably the appalling footage of the Nazi death camps that first demonstrated the power of motion pictures and television to affect the collective consciousness of a world audience. In the United States during the 50's and 60's the power of television to stir the consciousness of large numbers of people was demonstrated in another way. Night after night graphic news footage(英尺数) of the civil rights struggle was brought into U.S. homes.
　　Years later, this role was to take on a new and even more controversial dimension during the Vietnam War. Reading about war was one thing; but war took on a deeper and more unsavory(令人讨厌的) dimension when it was exported directly into U.S. living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventually turned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it. As a result of the public opinion backlash(消极反应) during these times, the Pentagon was thereafter much more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see and report.
　　It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of his foreign policy, and, to some degree, to the centre of international politics. "Human rights is the soul of our foreign policy," Carter said. "Of all human rights the most basic is to be free of arbitrary violence, whether that violence comes from government, from terrorists, from criminals, or from self-appointed messiahs(救世主) operating under the cover of politics or religion."
　　Although political viewpoints have changed since then， because of the emotional nature of human rights, this has emerged as the "soul" of television news. The transgression(侵犯) of human rights has been the focus of many, if not most，major international television news stories. The reporting of these stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses.
　　52. The passage is mainly about .
　　A) the evolution of international politics in the United States
　　B) the broadcast media's growing role in international politics
　　C) the concern for human rights as is shown in broadcast media
　　D) the impact of global television communication on viewers'emotions
　　53. The introduction of satellite technology into television broadcast .
　　A) confirmed what Shakespeare said long ago
　　B) changed the way television news is handled
　　C) improved the sound effect of television news
　　D) initiated a shift of emphasis to international politics
　　54. The civil rights struggle to the 50's and 60's won public support partly owing to .
　　A) the viewing of the Nazi atrocities on TV
　　B) the news broadcast through satellite links
　　C) the impact of televised news on emotions
　　D) the support provided by a world audience
　　55. President Carter's major contribution to broadcast news was that he .
　　A) eliminated any kind of censorship of broadcast news
　　B) encouraged news coverage of the Vietnam War and ended it
　　C) proclaimed the Pentagon's control over the media unconstitutional
　　D) made the transgression of human rights a global focus in broadcast news
　　56. The television coverage of human rights issues has all the effects EXCEPT .
　　A) reduction in the cases of human rights violation
　　B) prompted attempts at censorship by dictators
　　C) increased respect for different cultures and attitudes
　　D) heightened international concern over human rights abuses
　　Passage Two
　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
　　With the possibility that the United States may be withdrawing from the confines of the Kyoto Protocol by the end of this year, it behooves（对......来说感兴趣) responsible citizens of the world to examine the past and present implications of the international treaty. The 1992 Kyoto Protocol, signed by 174 of the world's nations, ambitiously sought to reduce worldwide emission levels by the year 2000, aiming to restore them to 1990 levels so as to slow global warming and begin the slow process of eradicating pollution. It has thus far not been entirely successfully, with its noble goals overly vague, resulting in international willingness to comply with its provisions, but lacking a structured method by which to achieve them.
　　Harsh criticism of the Kyoto Protocol often involves the relatively short-term nature of the project. By trying to achieve such spectacular environmental goals in such a short span of time, it has been argued that an impossibly difficult challenge has been undertaken. Finding the task impossible, the nations of the world may soon discard the wider goal of reducing pollution along with the protocol itself. Further, the commitments made by the industrialized nations, such as the United States, Britain and France, are vastly different from those agreed upon by the developing nations, such as Brazil and China, with the industrialized signatories(签字者) agreeing to be bound by more concrete, stated plans and goals.
　　This disparity(不一致) in commitment has been viewed as a necessity, however. Developing nations argue that their more industrialized, wealthier counterparts achieved their power and status by utilizing methods of development that resulted in pollution, and that they have a right to take their turn at using those methods. Also, it has been stated that the richer nations are those who can afford to immediately change their methods of production to comply with the goals of the Kyoto Protocol, while the other nations would find it virtually impossible to change the ways without seriously disrupting their economies.
　　Whatever one's stance, it is almost universally agreed upon that the Kyoto Protocol is a step in the right direction, in theory and philosophy, at the very least. The reality of practical application and implementation, however, is a very different story. With the possibility of a United States withdrawal looming, it must be considered that if the world's wealthiest and most powerful nation finds it impossible to reasonably comply with the protocol, then perhaps a more conservative and manageable plan must be considered.
　　57. In Paragraph 2, the "impossibly difficult challenge" probably refers to .
　　A) achieving the goals stated in the Kyoto Protocol
　　B) abiding by the rules laid down in the Kyoto Protocol
　　C) keeping with and maintaining the spirit of the Kyoto Protocol
　　D) achieving emissions standard reductions in the short span of time allowed in the Kyoto Protocol
　　58．The second sentence in Paragraph 3 implies that developing nations .
　　A) have no power to complete with developed nations
　　B) have the ability to develop their economies by using the traditional methods
　　C) treat the developed nations as enemies
　　D) cannot develop very fast if they do not use the methods used by the developed nations in the past
　　59. The author perceives the following as the weaknesses of the Kyoto Protocol EXCEPT .
　　A) its short-sighted nature
　　B) international compliance with its provisions
　　C) its underlying theory and plans for achieving goals
　　D) the lack of equity in the terms assigned to developed and developing nations
　　60. The author's attitude and recommendation regarding the nature of the Kyoto Protocol may best be interpreted as .
　　A) "Look before you leap"
　　B) "You can't please everyone"
　　C) "Don't throw the baby out with the bath water"
　　D) "If at first you don't succeed, try and try again"
　　61. The main idea of the passage is that .
　　A) the possible exit of the United States could mark the end of the Kyoto Protocol
　　B) the terms of the Kyoto Protocol are overly ambitious, and thus inapplicable in reality
　　C) in order for the Kyoto Protocol to succeed, it must be reviewed and possibly modified
　　D) in light of its unequal treatment of under-developed nations, the Kyoto Protocol is doomed to failure

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