human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world S7. ____

of experience we share with other members of our group.

Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a kind S8. ____

of map for relating to others. Consider how you feel your way

about social life. How do you know how to act in a classroom,

or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh S9. ____

at you? Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, S10. ____

ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.

Therefore, if we know a person's culture, we can understand

and even predict a good deal of his behavior.

Section B Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part there is a short passage with 8

questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully.

Then answer the questions or complete the statements in fewest

possible words. Your answer may be a word, a phrase, or a

short sentence. Write your answers in the spaces provided on

the right of the page.

Sport is one of the world’s largest industries, and most athletes are professionals who are paid for their efforts. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only—not by economic bground or family connections—sports can be a fast route to wealth, and many athletes play n for money than for love.This has not always been true. In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath of olive leaves (橄榄叶花环). Even though the winners became national heroes, the games remained amateur for centuries. Athletes won fame, but no money. As time passed, however, the contests became increasingly less amateur and cities began to hire athletes to represent them. By the fourth century A.D., the Olympics were ruined, and they were soon ended.

In 1896, the Olympic games were revived (使再度兴起)with the same goal of pure amateur competition. The rules bar athletes who have ever received a $50 prize or an athletic scholar or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. At least one competitor in the 1896 games met these qualifications. He was Spiridon Loues, a water carrier who won the marathon race, after race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wanted. A true amateur, Loues accepted only a cart and a horse. Then he gave up running forever. But Loues was an exception and now, as the Chairman of the German Olympic Committee said, “Nobody pays any attention to these rules.” Many countries pay their athletes to train year-round, and Olympic athletes are eager to sell their names to companies that make everything from ski equipment to fast food.Even the games themselves have become a huge business.

Countries fight to hold the Olympics not only for honor, but for money. The 1972 games in Munich cost the Germans 545 million dollars, but by selling medal symbols, TV rights, food, drink ,hotel rooms, and souvenirs (纪念品), they managed to make a profit. Appropriately, the symbol of victory in the Olympic Games is no longer a simple olive wreath—it is a gold medal.