雅思阅读辅导：剑桥雅思阅读长难句分

            　1. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)

　　分析：本句的主句为“A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that …”;其中“that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.”为that引导的宾语从句，做claim的宾语;在宾语从句中“having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves”为现在分词短语作状语，在该宾语从句中做原因状语，“ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.”也是现在分词短语做状语，在该宾语从句中做时间状语。

　　2. An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)

　　分析：本句的主句为“An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment”;其中“to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment”为不定式作表语宾语;“under which the experiment was carried out.”为宾语从句，关系词为which, 做the social environment的定语。

　　3. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)

　　分析：本句主句为“An action such as shocking a victim acquires a completely different meaning”;“which in isolation appears evil”为定语从句，关系词为which, 作An action的定语;“when placed in this setting”为时间状语从句。

　　4. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)

　　分析：本句的主句为“the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures”;“surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.”为现在分词短语作状语，做主句的伴随状语。

　　5. Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)