分析：本句主句为“Linguists also make great use of structured sessions”;“in which they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviors.”为which引导的定语从句，做structured sessions的定语;“that describe certain actions, objects or behaviors.”为定语从句，做utterances的定语，关系词为that。

　　8. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation. (test3 passage 3)

　　分析：本句主句为“An important principle is…”;“that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation.”为that引导的表语从句，做is的表语;“whatever their size”为whatever引导的状语从句，在表语从句中做让步状语;“derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language”为过去分词短语做定语，做data的定语。

　　9. No corpora can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the intuitions of those who speak the language concerned. (test3 passage 3)

　　分析：本句为并列句，用“and so”连接。“that can be gained from the intuitions of those who speak the language concerned”为that引导的定语从句，做additional information的定语;“who speak the language concerned”也为定语从句，关系词为who, 做those的定语。

　　10. Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvements in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. (test4 passage 1)

　　分析：本句较长，主句为there be结构，即“there has been a steady improvements in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space”;“how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space”中三个how引导的从句并列，都为in的宾语从句;“Since the early years of the twentieth century”为本句的时间状语，由since引导;“when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records”为定语从句，关系词为when, 做the early years of the twentieth century的定语从句。

　　11. Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early. (test4 passage 1)

　　分析：本句为并列句，由but连接，句子“Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably”和句子“with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”并列;句子“with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”中主句为“it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”;其中“that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”为that引导的主语从句，it为形式主语。