③八大话题，重点突破

　　在考题中，“教育，科技，环保，全球化，政府，媒体，工作，社会生活”为常考的八大话题。复习重点有以下几方面：1. 每个话题的核心词汇要烂熟于心。2. 每个话题要积累至少两个可以作举例论证的实例。3. 每个话题至少选择两道题目做brainstorming思路拓展练习。4. 每个话题要至少积累两篇范文。5. 每个考生对自己不熟悉的话题，要加强以上练习。

　　二. Coherence and cohesion

　　1. 具体要求

　　Coherence and cohesion表示连贯统一。在官方给出的评分标准中，7分有这样的要求：

　　1. Logically organizes information and ideas; there is a clear progression throughout

　　2. Uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under/over-use

　　3. Presents a clear central topic within each paragraph

　　①文章结构富有逻辑性。②正确使用多种衔接方法。③每段话的中心思想明确。

　　2. 范例评析

　　▲ 剑桥雅思全真试题7 Test2 Task2

　　Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should be taken into account when deciding the punishment.

　　Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

　　7.5分考生范文选段：考生回答应当如何对罪犯的犯罪行为定罪。

　　In my opinion an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity. There have to be fixed punishment for all crimes. However, criminal laws have to provide for a minimum and maximum for the punishment and the laws also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. An example for setting minimum and maximum penalties is Competition Law where a person being held liable of a crime under this law will be convicted to pay a fine, according to the harm caused by the violation and the profit gained by the violator through committing the crime. As for the exemptions, in some countries the law exempts thieves stealing food during a period of famine taking into consideration the distress and hunger. Also, a person killing in self-defense will be exempted from punishment.

　　1. 中心思想：对于犯罪分子的定罪应该有折中的方法，这才是保证公平公正的方法。(an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity.)

　　2. 段落结构一分为二：

　　①固定下来定罪的底线和上线，举例“竞争法”。

　　②定罪要有免罪的特殊处理。举例“饥荒时偷食物的行为”和“正当防卫”。

　　3. 衔接的处理：文中加粗的部分(包含连接词，代词等)。

　　3. 对策

　　①代词

　　代词包括人称代词，物主代词和一些特定的词语。代词的使用能够提高表达的统一性。

　　②同义词，反义词等意义相互关联的词

　　恰当使用一些相关或相同概念的词，能够达到整篇文章自然扩展的效果。

　　③连接词

　　连接词是实现段落内部表达连贯的最主要的手段。它能够增进句与句，或者段与段之间的逻辑关系。

　　三. Lexical resource

　　1. 具体要求

　　Lexical resource表示词汇。在官方给出的评分标准中，7分有这样的要求：

　　1. Uses sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision

　　2. Uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation