VI．王牌重点：可以充当同位语的词组或短语。

1）名词短语。（使句型更为简洁）

Bill Clinton, the president of America, came to China to pay an official visit in 1998.

Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature history.

2）动名词词组亦可用作同位语：别忘了加逗号。（使句型更为流畅）

I'm crazy about the game, playing baseball.

Going to concert, that sounds a great idea.

3）不定式短语。（陌生只是掌握的开始）

The problem what to do next remains unsolved.

Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie.

4）形容词词组。（有逗号隔开）

All the workers, young or old, should be treated equally.

Young man, short or tall, should have the right to take the opportunity.

VII. 同位语的引导词。（重要！这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分）

引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系：

1．namely, that it is, that is to say（也就是说）, in other words（换句话说）, or, for short 表示等同关系。

2．such as, say, so to speak（譬如说）, including（包括）, for instance（或 for example (e.g. / eg），表示举例和列举关系。

3．especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly表示突出重点，（在高难度阅读中表示后面的部分为更重要或更突出的部分，是出题的关键点。）