现在完成时：

1．构成：have / has + 过去分词

2．功能：

（1）表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet, just, before, recently, lately（最近）, ever, never等表时间的副词搭配使用。

►. He hasn't seen her lately.

►. I haven't finished the book yet.

（2）表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：so far（迄今为止）, up till now（直到现在）, since,  for a long time（很长时间）, up to present（直到现在）, in the past / in the last few years（在过去的几年里）, these days（目前）……

►. He has worked here for 15 years.

►. I have studied English since I came here.

►. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time.

►. So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother.

（3）某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。

黄金要点：

I．常见的非延续动词：die, arrive（到达）, join（加入）, leave（离开）, go, refuse（拒 绝）, fail（失败）, finish, buy, marry, divorce（离婚）, awake（醒）, buy, borrow, lend ...   （背三遍！）

II．这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。

III．但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。

►. She has gone away for a month.（误）

►. She has been away for a month （正）

►. The man has died for two years.（误）

►. The man has been dead for two years.（正）

►. How long have youbought the book?（误）

►. How long have you got the book.（正）

（4）注意 since的用法：

►. They haven't had any trouble since they came here.

►. It has been ten years since we met last time.

►. He has been here since 1980.

►. He has been here since ten years ago.

几组对比：

►. He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。

►. He has been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。

►. She has gone. 她已走了。

►. She is gone. 她缺席了。（或者她死了。）

►. The door has been closed. 门关上了。（动作）

►. The door is closed. 门是关着的。（状态）

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测试精编

1. The prices ________ going up all the time in the past few years.

A. keep        B. kept          C. have kept          D. are keeping

2. For the whole period of two months, there ________ no rain in this area.

A. is           B. will be        C. has been           D. have been

3. Today is Jane's wedding day. She ________ John.

A. have just married with          B. was just married to