The word "dictates" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) reads aloud

　　(B) determines

　　(C) includes

　　(D) records

　　138. In 1905 he was sent to Paris as an apprentice to an art dealer, and in the years that followed he witnessed the birth of Cubism, discovered primitive art, and learned the techniques of woodcarving from a frame maker.

　　The word "witnessed" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) influenced

　　(B) studied

　　(C) validated

　　(D) observed

　　139. The plank's form dictated the rigidly frontal view and the low relief. Even its irregular shape must have appealed to Laurent as a break with a long-standing tradition that required a sculptor to work within a perfect rectangle or square.

　　The phrase "a break with" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) a destruction of

　　(B) a departure from

　　(C) a collapse of

　　(D) a solution to

　　140. In winter especially, it is important for birds to keep warm at night and conserve precious food reserves.

　　The word "conserve" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) retain

　　(B) watch

　　(C) locate

　　(D) share