- Sub point 1: 建筑工程破坏考古遗迹

　　- Sub point 2: 考公项目缺乏资金支持

　　- Sub point 3: 考古学家的考古事业发展困难

　　新托福考试听力材料：

　　In 1990, new rules and guidelines were adopted in the United Kingdom that has changed the whole field of Archaeology in that country. The new guidelines improved the situation in all there areas discussed in the passage.

　　在1990年，英国颁布了新的法规和指南，从而改变了英国整过考古学领域。新的指南改善了阅读部分提到的所有领域出现的问题。

　　First, the new guidelines state that before any construction project can start, the construction site has to be examined by archaeologists to see whether the site is of archaeological interest or value. If the site is of archaeological interest, the next step is for the builders, archaeologists and local government officials to get together and make a plan for preserving the archaeological artifacts, either by building around them or by excavating and documenting them properly before the construction is allowed to proceed.

　　首先，新的指南要求所有建筑工程开工之前都要经由考古学家检查以确定该地是否有考古价值的遗迹。如果有考古价值，那么下一步就是建筑者、考古学家和当地政府的联合行都了。他们要在一起制定一个保护考古遗迹的计划。要么在周围的地方建房子，要么在开工之前把文物妥善地挖掘保存起来。

　　Second, an important part of the new guidelines is a rule that any archaeological work done on the construction site will be paid for by the construction company not by the government. The construction company has to pay for the initial examination of the site, and then for all the work carried out under the preservation plan. This is a whole new source of financial support. The funding from construction companies has allowed researchers to study a far greater range of archaeological sites than they could in the past.

　　第二，新指南很重要的一部分就是规定对于建筑工地的考古学检查的费用由建筑公司而不是政府支付。建筑公司要为工地最初的检查付费，同时随之而来的全部保存计划都由建筑公司付费。这是一个全新的资金来源。来自建筑公司的资金保证研究人员可以进行逼以往更为深入的考古研究。

　　Last, the new guidelines provide a lot of paid work for archaeologists, work that didn’t exist before. Expert archaeologists are now hired at all stages of the process to examine the site for archaeological value, then to help draw up the preservation plan to do the research in a professional scientific manner and finally to process the date and write reports and articles. The increased job and career opportunities in Archaeology have increased the number of professional archaeologists in Britain, which is now the highest it’s ever been.

　　最后，新的指南为考古学家提供了很多新的就业机会，而这在以前是不可能的。整过的考古研究过程都需要雇佣考古专家。从检查地基的考古学价值，然后帮助制定符合专业科学研究的保护机会，到最后处理数据、撰写报告和文章，这些都需要考古学家。增加的考古类工作岗位和事业发展机会使得现在英国有了更多的专业考古学家，而这是有史以来最多的时候。

　　新托福考试听力部分需要提取的观点是：