Generally, it seems that the only effective way to develop international skills and perspectives is through direct international experience. (12) Such experiences open people’s minds to the fact that things are done differently lese where and encourages them to think in a wilder context..

　　Formulating effective strategies for developing a company’s management resource is a demanding exercise, with conflicting issues to be solved (13) Another dilemma is whether to use local managers or expatriates.

　　The recruitment and development of effective international managers requires considerable financial resources and can be hard to justify at budget meetings. (14) however , without them, companies will continue to find their expansion plans frustrated by a lack of internationally effective managers.

　　A from the moment they join the company, employees are faced with having to think internationally

　　B This can be through involvement in international task forces or through living and working abroad.

　　C Should , for example, only an elite few receive international experience in preparation for top jobs or should it be offered to a wider group?

　　D these problems mean that developing managers who think and operate globally is absolutely vital for companies operating in foreign markets.

　　E Language training , overseas visits and in-house management courses are all expensive to implement.

　　F Jet-setting between international operations merely creates a business equivalent of the over-packaged tourist

　　G Companies are now emphasizing the human skills involved in managing other people

　　H These trends are pushing companies’ existing management resources to the limit