The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. 74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely"logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
71._____________________________________________________________.
72._____________________________________________________________.
73._____________________________________________________________.
74._____________________________________________________________.
75._____________________________________________________________.
Part V Writing (15 points)
Directions:
A.Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120.
B.Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.
C.Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:
1. Interpret the following pictures.
2.Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reason.
参考答案
Part I Structure and Vocabulary Section A(1-10)
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.B
Section B(11-20)
11.C 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.D 20.B
Section C(21-40)
21.A 22.B 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.B 27.A 28.A 29.C 30.D 31.A 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.B 37.D 38.B 39.C 40D
Part II Cloze Test(41-50)
41.A 42.C 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.D 47.C 48.B 49A 50.D
Part III Reading Comprehension(51-70)
51.D 52.B 53.A 54.C 55.D 56.A 57.C 58.B 59.D 60.A 61.A 62.B 63.C 64.D 65.B 66.A 67.C 68.B 69.A 70.D
Part IV English Chinese Translation
71.事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的,而这种共同认识并不存在.
72.有些哲学家论证说,权利只存在在于社会契约中,是责任与权益相交换的一部分.
