C. They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.
D. Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.
Passage 2
Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:
Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other “friends” to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to be “ompartmentahze(划分)friendships, having “friends at work”, “friends on the softball team”, “family friends”, etc.
Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly changed atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque(无理的)or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel very personal. No insult is intended; the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything “American” in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesn’t matter because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence.
On the other hand, don’t expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.
66. The general topic of the passage is ________.
A. American culture B. American society
C. Americans’ activities D. Americans’ personality
67. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Americans do not like to depend on other people.
B. Friendships among Americans tend to be casual.
C. Americans know a lot about international affairs.
D. Americans always seem to be on the go.
68. The phrase “highly changed” (Paragraph 2) most probably means ________.
A. extremely free B. highly responsible
C. very cheerful D. full of mobility and change
69. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. Americans want to participate in all kinds of activities
B. Americans’ character is affected by their social and geographical environment
C. Americans do not know how to deal with silence
D. Curiosity is characteristic of Americans
70. According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because _______.
A. they are not interested in other countries
B. they are too proud of themselves
C. their country does not have many neighboring nations
D. they are too busy to learn about other countries
Passage 3
Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage:
The year 1400 opened with more peacefulness than usual in England. Only a few months before Richard II, weak, wicked, and treacherous, had been deposed, and Henry IV declared king in his stead. But it was only a seeming peacefulness, lasting for but a little while; for though King Henry proved himself a just and a merciful man, as justice and mercy went with the men of iron of those days——and though he did not care to shed blood needlessly, there were many noble families who had been benefited by King Richard during his reign, and who had lost somewhat of their power and prestige from the coming in of the new king.
Among these were a number of great lords who had been degraded from their former titles and estates, from which degradation免职 King Richard had lifted them. They planned to fall upon King Henry and his followers and to massacre them during a great tournament which was being held at Oxford. And they might have succeeded had not one of their own members betrayed them. But Henry did not appear at the lists; whereupon, knowing that he had been lodging at Windsor with only a few attendants, the conspirators marched there against him. In the meantime, the king had been warned of the plot, so that instead of finding him in the royal castle, they discovered through their scouts that he had hurried to London, and that he was marching against them at the head of a considerable army. So nothing was left but fight. One and another, they were all caught and some killed. Those few who found friends faithful and bold enough to afford them shelter dragged those friends down in their own ruin.
71. What does the author seem to think of King Henry ?
A. He was the best king England had ever had. B. He was a better ruler than King Richard.
C. He was unfair and cowardly. D. He was just as evil as King Richard.
72. How did King Henry find out about the plot ?
A. His scouts discovered it. B. He saw the conspirators coming.
C. One of the conspirators told him. D. He found a copy of the conspirators’ plan.
73. Why did the nobles wish to kill King Henry?
A. Henry had taken away power given to them by King Richard.
B. Henry was weak, treacherous, and wicked.
C. Henry had needlessly killed members of their families.
D. Henry had killed King Richard.
74. It can be inferred that Richard II’s reign was ________.
A. peaceful B. corrupt C. democratic D. illegal
75. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A. prove that Richard II was a bad king B. explain the customs of fifteenth-century England
C. describe some typical English kings D. discuss the conspiracy against Henry IV
Passage 4
Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage:
The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines打谷机. Ingenious improvements were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were produced. Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power source for the farm.
In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of farming. Between 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the soil to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop weeds; spray devices that can spray pesticides杀虫剂 in lands 100 feet across, and many others.
A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation on the farm. In the United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseased, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees, grain and blend feed, and dry grain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray an exact row width, and to count out, space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row.
Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa. Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture in parts of the tropics, but even today much of that land is laboriously worked by people leading draft animals pulling primitive plows.
The problems of mechanization in some areas are not only cultural in nature. For examples, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are designed for, so adaptations have to be made. But the greatest obstacle to mechanization is the fear in underdeveloped countries that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere. Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning.
76. Which of the following best summarize the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. The introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions by the workers.
B. The use of internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power for the farm working.
C. The mechanization of agricultural work gradually robbed many farmers of their work.
D. Steam power began to be used in farming machines in the 1860s to yield production.
77. In some areas of Latin America,
A. mechanization is not yet used in agriculture.
B. mechanization is accepted fastest.
C. a lot of farm work is still done in the traditional way.
D. primitive plows are no longer in use.
78. By saying that “the problems of mechanizing some areas are not only cultural in nature”, the author means
A. mechanization is not yet introduced in some areas for reasons other than culture.
B. human and animal labor in some areas are less expensive.
C. different kinds of tools are used in different cultures.
D. culture is the only factor that obstacles the introduction of mechanization.
79. Which of the following statements about farmer’s attitude to mechanization is true?
A. Farmers are all very happy to work with farming machines.
B. Nearly all the farm works can be done by the machines, so many farmers go to work in cities.
C. farm works become easy for the workers, so they love mechanization.
D. Farm works don’t need many workers, so they are anxious about their own job opportunities.
80. According to the passage, we can infer that
A. mechanization can be introduced to all areas for economic growth.
B. human and animal labor in most areas are required.
C. mechanization should be considered carefully in some countries.
D. different kinds of mechanized farming tools are used in different cultures.
Part IV Translation ( 20 points )
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translations should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. (81) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (82) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers. They may alter the structure of education; they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. (83) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communication, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, (84) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. (85) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.
Part V Writing (10 points)
Directions: Present a written argument based on the following topic.
Some people believe that government spends too much money on space research while there are still a lot of problems on the earth. Do you agree or disagree?
You should write no less than 150 words.
Use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and with relevant evidence.