Questions 11 to 15 are based onthe following passage:

　　(79) Extensive new studies suggestthat the world has, made extraordinary progress in reducing poverty in recent decades. The research suggests that the pace of economic progress has been rapid and continued for decades, built on the foundations of relative political stability, rising trade, and economic liberalization (自由化) after two world wars. One new study, published recently by the Institute for International Economics in Washington, finds that the proportion of the 6.1 billion people in the world who live on $1 a day or less shrank from 63 .percent in 1950 to 35 percent in 1980 and 12 percent in 1999. By some other measures, the progress has been more modest. Still, economists agree that poverty has plunged in key nations such as India and especially China, thanks to slowing population growth as well as economic freedom. “This is a huge success for the world as a whole,”says Harvard University economist Richard Cooper. “We are doing something right.”

　　The news comes as the World Bank is about to open its annual meeting in Washington' an event that has been troubled in recent years by protests that the Bank and its sister institution, the International Monetary Fund (IMF国际货币基金组织), have done too little for the world's poor. (80) The new economic research will not put an end to that dispute. Vast populations remain poor, and many still question the wisdom of World Bank policies. Nonetheless, the research findings are helpful to understand what policies should be followed by th6se institutions and hundreds of other development groups working very hard to hasten the pace of world economic progress. If dramatic gains are under way, the present policies-- calling for open markets, freebusiness activities, and tight monetary control are working and correct.

　　But critics of IMF and World Bank policies maintain that such economic.success stories as Japan, China, South Korea and Singapore are rooted in more than just "free', markets. These nations have managed to grow rapidly, and thereby reduce poverty, by limiting imports when their domestic industries were yotmg, pushing exports to rich nations, and putting controls on purely international financial;flows. They have been open to foreign-owned factories but have often insisted that those investors share"the knowledge and skill on modem technologies,

　　11. The word “plunged” in the firs paragraphmeans

　　A. decreased B. Climbed C. increased D. dropped into water

　　12. From the passage, we learn that__________

　　A. World Bank has done nothing to help the poor in the world

　　B. IMF only helps the rich in the world

　　C. World Bank controls all the banks in the world

　　D. there are some demonstrations against World Bank in recent years

　　13. According to this passage, in__________, the world had the largest number of poor people.

　　A. 1999 B. 1980 C. 1950 D. 1990

　　14. According to the author, the economy of East Asian countries grew very fast because of the following measures EXCEPT__________