cost,spend,take用法区别:
这三个均可表示“花费”,但在用法和搭配等有很大区别。现分述如下:
一、从所涉及的主语来看
cost的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语it),不能是人;spend的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语it)也可以是人。如:
The computer cost (me) $2 000.这部电脑花了(我) 2 000美元。
It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car.使用一辆车每年要花(我)1 000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you.我花了1整天找你。
It took me an hour to write the letter.我写这封信花了1个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注:若cost不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year.抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
2.从所涉及的宾语来看
cost的宾语通常是钱,take的宾语通常是时间,而spend的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如:
How much did it cost to build the bridge?建这座桥花了多少钱?
It took her two hours to walk to the station.走路去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money) on books.他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。
注:cost有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如:
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。
按传统语法,take的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:
It takes a lot of money to buy a house.买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
3.从所采用的句型结构来看
(1)三者的通常句型为:
sth costs (sb) money某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (moeny) to do某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
(2)用于以上意义时,cost不能用于被动语态,take通常不用于被动语态,而spend则可以用于被动语态。
误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work.做这工作花了两个小时。