主谓一致的种类:
⑴ 语法形式上的一致
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词为复数形式。如:
I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他,他经常帮助我。
We often help each other and learn from each other. 我们经常互相帮助,互相学习。
⑵ 意义上的一致
a.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
如:The crowd were surrounding the government official.
人群包围住了这位政府官员。
单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people, police, cattle等。如:
The Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 中国人民勇敢而又勤劳。
b.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。
news以及以ics结尾的学科名称(如:physics,politics,maths,economics等)。
⑶ 就近原则
就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
a. 并列主语用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but
also等连接,谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致。如:
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.
不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
Are either you or he wrong? 要么是你错,要么是他错吗?
b. 在there be 表存在的句式中,主语是两个或多个名词(短语)的并列时,be 的形式与最前边的一个名词(短语)一致。如:
There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table═ There are
two knives, a pen and several books on the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
C. 副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如:
Between the two buildings stands a monument. 两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。
On the ship were over 2,200 people. More than 1,500 people lost
their lives. Among those was the young woman.船上有2,2001人,
1,500多人丧生,这位年轻妇女也在其中。
难点释疑:
名词作主语
1、当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.
两小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。
Two hundred dollars gives Jack much help.两百美元帮了Jack大忙。
2、如果主语有more than one… 或many a…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
如: More than one comrade has asked to stay. 不止一位同志已经要求留下。
Many a passenger was killed in the accident. 许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。
但是“more+复数名词+than one”结构及“more than one
hundred+复数名词”结构之后,谓语动词一般用复数形式。如:
More members than one are against your plan. 不止一位成员反对你的计划。
3、不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词及each…and each…, every…and every…, no…and
no…, many a …and many a…结构作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如:Every man and every woman is at work. 所有男的和女的都在工作。
Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.
许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。
4、表示成双成套的名词,如:chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans,
scissors, shoes, socks, trousers等,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如与a kind of, a