63. damage,destroy,harm,ruin 均可表"破坏","损坏". damage一般指部分性的破坏,含可修复使用。 destroy指十分彻底的毁坏,破坏。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整个城市被毁了。) harm多指带来悲痛,产生恶果的伤害,可以是肉体的也可是精神的。如:Doctors say smoking harms our health.(医生说吸烟对身体有害。) ruin为正式用词,强调由于自然力或时间的作用而逐渐损坏,用于比喻时也指彻底毁坏名声,期望等。如:She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在画上,把它毁了。)另外,ruin的复数形式ruins表"废墟". 64. decrease,reduce decrease多表示逐渐缩小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(肿胀日渐消退。) reduce为常用词,使用范围较大,可指尺寸,数量,规模和程度等,也可指地位,经济状况。如:He won’t reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。) 65. dependent,independent dependent依赖的,依靠的(on,upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work. Independent 不依靠的,独立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child. 66. desert,dessert desert沙漠。如:Have you ever been to a desert? Dessert甜食。如:What would you like for dessert,an apple pie or ice-cream? 67. discover,invent discover发现。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area. invent发明,创造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache. 68. duty,responsibility 均有"责任"之意,可换用。 duty意义较广,多指发自内心的道德伦理上的责任感。 responsibility着重指从道义或法律上对事件之后果负责。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承担打破花瓶的全部责任。) 69. effective,efficient 均可表示"有效的". effective常用以指物,强调能产生某种预期的效果。如:effective medicine,effective method等。 efficient"效率高的","有能力的",用以指人或物,着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德国的电话系统效率很高。) 70. economic,economical economic经济(学)的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说) economical节约的,节俭的。如:He is economical of money and time. 71. electric,electrical,electronic 三词都与电有关 electric着重于发电的,电动的或导电的。如:electric generator(发电机);electric light(电灯) electrical多指本身不产生电,但是与电有关的。如:electrical engineering(电机工程);an electrical transcription(广播唱片) electronic 电子的,电子操作的。如:electronic engineering(电子工程学) 72. emergence,emergency emergence是emerge的名词形式。 Emergency意为"紧急情况","突然事件". 73. everyday,every day everyday每日的,日常的(作定语)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine. every day每天(作状语)。如:She gets up early every day. 74. endure,bear,stand,tolerate,withstand 都表忍受,忍耐。 bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是难以忍受的。) endure忍耐,书面语,指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦难需要耐力。) stand忍受,与bear同义,但较口语化。如:She can’t stand having nothing to do.(没事干,她受不了。) tolerate容忍,容许,指自我克制的态度,对于令人反感的事没有任何抗议。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果继续这样下去的话,我决不会容忍他。) withstand经受,承受,指顶住外来的压力和攻势。如:They have withstood all test.(他们经受了一切考验。) 75. error,mistake,fault,shortcoming 均表"缺点","错误". error是通用词,指任何错误,"犯错误"可以说commit /make an error. mistake指判断或理解方面,或指因考虑不周而造成的错误,搭配是make a mistake. fault表示"过失",可与error通用,现多用来指缺点,特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)构成短语 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。 shortcoming 缺点,可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(尽管他缺点多,我仍然喜欢他。) |