Passage one

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they’ll say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been home in American since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we toil (干苦力活)，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.

Our national mythology (神化) is full of illustration the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today it’s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.

But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.

21. What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?

A) People who are honest and work hard can succeed.

B) People are free from exploitation and oppression.

C) People can fully enjoy individual freedom.

D) People are free to develop their power of imagination.

22.By saying “the rewards of a man’s industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” (Line 10, Para. 1), the author means __________ .

A) a company’s success depends on its employees’ hard work

B) a man’s business should be developed step by step

C) laborious work ensures the growth of an industry

D) the more diligent one is, the bigger his returns

23. The characters described in Horatio Alger’s novels are people who _______.

A) became famous despite their modest origins

B) became wealthy after starting life very poor

C) succeed in real estate investment

D) earned enormous fortunes by chances

24. It can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph that _________.

A) Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of life

B) good personal relationships lead to business success

C) business success often contributes to a successful marriage

D) successful business people provide good care for their children

25. What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?

A) Status symbols are not a real indicator of a person’s wealth.

B) The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.

C) The American road to success is full of nightmares.

D) What Americans strive after often contradicts their beliefs.

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

In many ways, today’s business environment has changed qualitatively since the late 1980s. The end of the Cold War radically altered the very nature of the world’s politics and economics. In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation (解除政府对……的控制) of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital. We have experienced both the benefits and risks of a truly global economy, with both Wall Street and Main Street (平民百姓) feeling the pains of economic disorder half a world away.

At the same time, we have fully entered the Information Age, Starting breakthroughs in information technology have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space. Today, it’s almost impossible to imagine a world without intranets, e-mail, and portable computers. With stunning speed, the Internet is profoundly changing the way we work, shop, do business, and communicate.

As a consequence, we have truly entered the Post-Industrial economy. We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information, services, support, and distribution. That shift, in turn, place an unprecedented premium on “knowledge workers,” a new class of wealthy, educated, and mobile people who view themselves as free agents in a seller’s market.

Beyond the realm of information technology, the accelerated pace of technological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new business, wiped out others, and produced a Pervasive( 广泛的) demand for continuous innovation. New product, process ,and distribution technologies provide powerful levers for creating competitive value. More companies are learning the importance of destructive technologies-----innovations that hold the potential to make a product line, or even an entire business segment, virtually outdated.

Another major trend has been the fragmentation of consumer and business markets. There’s a growing appreciation that superficially similar groups of customers may have very different preferences in terms of what they want to buy and how they want to buy it. Now, new technology makes it easier, faster ,and cheaper to identify and serve targeted micro-markets in ways that were physically impossible or prohibitively expensive in the past. Moreover, the trend feeds on itself, a business’s ability to serve sub-markets fuels customers’ appetites for more and more specialized offerings.

26. According to the first paragraph, the chances in the business environment in the past decades can be attributed to __________.

A) technological advances

B) the fierce competition in industry

C) the globalization of economy

D) worldwide economic disorder 　　

27. what idea does the author want to convey in the second paragraph ?

A) The rapid development of information technology has taken businessmen by surprise

B) Information technology has removed the restrictions of time and space in business transactions

C) The way we do business today has brought about startling breakthroughs in information technology.

D) The Internet, intranets, e-mail, and portable computers have penetrated every corner of the world.

28. If a business wants to thrive in the Post-Industrial economy,__________

A) it should not overlook the importance of information, services, support, and distribution

B) it has to invest more capital in the training of free agents to operate in a seller’s market

C) it should try its best to satisfy the increasing demands of mobile knowledgeable people

D) it has to provide each of its employees with the latest information about the changing market

29. In the author’s view, destructive technologies are innovations which _________

A) may destroy the potential of a company to make any profit

B) can eliminate an entire business segment

C) demand a radical change in providing services

D) call for continuous improvement in ways of doing business

30. With the fragmentation of consumer and business markets ______________

A) manufacturers must focus on one special product to remain competitive in the market

B) it is physically impossible and prohibitively expensive to do business in the old way

C) an increasing number of companies have disintegrated

D) businesses have to meet individual customers’ specific needs in order to succeed .